Girtin produced a second set of hand-coloured impressions of his etchings, which were carefully mounted and sold by John Girtin to the dedicatee of the publication, George Capel-Coningsby, 5th Earl of Essex (1757–1839), for £50 (see figure 1). The two sets have been the cause of considerable confusion, but, following the discovery of new evidence about John Girtin’s role in the project, it has been possible to distinguish their very different functions (Smith, 2017–18, pp.32–35). The set sold to the earl is thus complete, and it is carefully rendered and presented so as to resemble Girtin’s finished watercolours. In contrast, the group of eighteen hand-coloured etchings, which were once owned by Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (1788–1861), are very much working drawings; indeed, in some cases they have been cut down, presumably to disguise their careless treatment whilst in the studios of the four men who were employed by the Girtin brothers to add aquatint to the plates. The practical function of such drawings is also evident in the fact that, in addition to providing instructions to the professional aquatinter regarding the distribution of light and shade, they often include Girtin’s amendments, though these have been kept to a minimum here. The issue has been complicated further in this case by the existence of what appears to be a second colour study by Girtin (see figure 2), though this may be an example of another artist adding colour to an impression of the soft-ground etching.
A copy in sepia by an unknown artist, said by Thomas Girtin (1874–1960) to be John Henderson (1764–1843), is in the collection of the Courtauld Gallery, London (see figure 3) (Girtin Archive, 14). The sepia colour is the extreme effect of a grey wash mixed from fugitive pigments that has faded as can be determined from the small area that has been protected from the detrimental effect of light. Although the drawing is better than many of the copies of the Paris prints, the perspective is awry and it lacks spatial coherence particularly in the area of the dome and I am inclined to leave the attribution as anonymous rather than Henderson. Other copies of varying quality are also known, including one in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (W1934.141).
1802
The Panthéon, from the Arsenal, Looking across the Seine: Pencil Study for Plate Twelve of ‘Picturesque Views in Paris’
TG1879
1802
The Panthéon, from the Arsenal, Looking across the Seine: Pencil Study for Plate Twelve of ‘Picturesque Views in Paris’
TG1879
About this Work
This view of the Panthéon, seen from the Arsenal looking across the river Seine, was coloured by Girtin working over a soft-ground etching (see print after TG1879), which, in turn, reproduced an on-the-spot pencil drawing made in early 1802 (TG1879). Girtin added the washes for the guidance of Frederick Christian Lewis (1779–1856), who was employed to aquatint the artist’s plate, fleshing out the etched lines with tones that approximate to those of a monochrome sketch (see the print after, above). The completed print was published two months after the artist’s death as plate twelve of Twenty of the Most Picturesque Views in Paris and Its Environs by his widow, Mary Ann Girtin (1781–1843), and his brother, John Girtin (1773–1821), the latter of whom, in addition to financing the project, took over the final stages of its production. The twenty prints were finally published together in an edition of around 130, with the etchings selling for four guineas, the aquatints for five guineas and a set of proof impressions six guineas (Hardie, 1966–68, vol.2, p.8; Smith, 2017–18, pp.32–35). The large prints were very much a luxury product, so it is somewhat surprising that the list of subscribers includes, in addition to many of the best known of Girtin’s patrons, a significant number of artists, amongst which are the names of Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851), Sir William Beechey (1753–1839), Benjamin West (1738–1820), John Hoppner (1758–1810) and Henry Edridge (1768–1821) as well as many of Girtin’s fellow watercolourists, such as John Varley (1778–1842) and John Glover (1767–1849) (Chancery, Income and Expenses, 1804).1