- Description
-
- Creator(s)
- Thomas Girtin (1775-1802) after John Henderson (1764-1843)
- Title
-
- Dartford High Street
- Date
- 1795 - 1796
- Medium and Support
- Graphite and pen and ink on wove paper (watermark: J WHATMAN)
- Dimensions
- 42.4 × 54.9 cm, 16 ⅝ × 21 ⅝ in
- Object Type
- Outline Drawing; Work after an Amateur Artist
- Subject Terms
- Dover and Kent; Street Scene
-
- Collection
- Versions
-
Dartford High Street
(TG0844)
- Catalogue Number
- TG0843
- Girtin & Loshak Number
- 113 as 'Dartford, Kent'; 'c. 1795'
- Description Source(s)
- Viewed in 2001 and 2018
Provenance
John Henderson (1764–1843); then by descent to John Henderson II (1797–1878) (lent to London, 1875); bequeathed to the Museum, 1878
Exhibition History
London, 1875, no.132 as 'A Pen and Ink Drawing of Dartford, Kent ... After a pencil sketch by the late Mr. Henderson'
Bibliography
Binyon, 1898–1907, no.101 as 'After John Henderson, Senior'
Place depicted
Other entries in Monro School Copies:
British Views, Including Works after the Outlines of John Henderson
An Upland Landscape with a Rainbow, Said to Be Lowther Fells
Kendal Town Hall
Windsor Castle and Park with Deer
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Tonbridge Bridge and Castle
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
The High Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
The Town of Rye, Seen from the Marshes
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Dover Castle, Seen from the Beach
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
An Upland Scene with a Wooded Valley
Leeds University Art Gallery
Ullswater: Looking Towards the Head of the Lake
Tate, London
Unidentified Medieval Ruins, with Agricultural Buildings
Tate, London
A View near Keswick, Probably Bassenthwaite Lake
Private Collection
Skiddaw and Bassenthwaite Lake, from the Vale of Newlands
Private Collection
Looking South into Borrowdale, from the Shore of Derwentwater
Private Collection
Mountainous Landscape, Possibly in the Lake District
Walker Art Gallery, National Museums Liverpool
Boon Crag Cottage, with Coniston Water Beyond
Private Collection
A View in Cumbria, Probably Looking from Irton Fell towards Ravenglass
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown
A View in Cumbria, Looking towards Irton and the Irish Sea, with the Isle of Man in the Distance
Tate, London
The River Leven, Cumbria, Viewed from Penny Bridge
Tate, London
St John's Vale, Cumbria
Private Collection
The Lodore Falls
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Langdale Pikes
Private Collection
An Unidentified Bridge over a Stream, Possibly in North Wales
Private Collection
Derwentwater, with Skiddaw in the Distance
Eton College, Windsor
Beddgelert Bridge, North Wales
Private Collection
Nant Mill, Betws Garmon, North Wales
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown
A Mountainous River Landscape with a Bridge
Private Collection
Cynwyd Mill, near Corwen, North Wales
Brandler Galleries, Brentwood
Conwy: The Town Walls from the South East
Tate, London
Raglan Castle: The Great Hall
Private Collection
A Mountainous Landscape with an Unidentified Bridge, Possibly in North Wales
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
The Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale
Private Collection
An Estuary, Possibly Dartmouth
Private Collection
Grasmere: Looking North West to Helm Crag
Private Collection
The Head of Lake Windermere
Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence
The Head of Derwentwater, with the Lodore Falls
Private Collection
Dover Harbour, with Shipping Being Overhauled
Tate, London
A Two-Master in Dover Harbour, with the Castle Beyond
Tate, London
Dover Harbour: A Ship Being Overhauled
Tate, London
A Boat on the Shore, near Shakespeare Cliff, Dover
Tate, London
Dover Harbour: Fishing Vessels, Their Sails Drying
Tate, London
Shipping in Dover Harbour, with the Castle Beyond
Tate, London
Ullswater: Looking South to the Head of the Lake
Private Collection
A General View of Dover Harbour, from the East
Tate, London
Dover Harbour: Small Boats by the Quay
Tate, London
Boats in Dover Harbour
British Museum, London
An Unidentified Waterfall
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
A Ship under Repair in Dover Harbour
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Borrowdale: The View from Rosthwaite
Private Collection
Figures on a Fishing Vessel in Dover Harbour
Private Collection
A Fishing Vessel with Hastings Beyond
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Dover Castle from the Sea
Private Collection
A Beached Vessel in the Inner Harbour at Dover
Private Collection
Dover Harbour, with the Castle on the Hill
British Museum, London
Dover Harbour
Private Collection
Beached Vessels in Dover Harbour, the Castle in the Distance
Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton
Vessels Anchored in Dover Harbour, with the Castle Beyond
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Warehouses with Shipping in Dover Harbour
Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton
Vessels in the Harbour at Dover, with the Castle Beyond
Private Collection
Dover Harbour, with the Cliffs Beyond
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart
Vessels Moored in Dover Harbour
Private Collection
The Inner Harbour, Dover, with the Castle Beyond
Brighton Museum and Art Gallery
A Ship Drawn Up on a Beach Being Careened
Private Collection
Beached Fishing Vessels, Dover Harbour
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Beached Fishing Vessels in the Harbour at Dover
Private Collection
Boats Anchored in Dover Harbour
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Boats Anchored in Dover Harbour
Private Collection
Dover Harbour, with Fishing Boats at Low Tide
The High Museum of Art, Atlanta
Dover: The Harbour with Vessels
Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge
A Smack in Dover Harbour, Drying Sails, with the Old Church in the Distance
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Dover Harbour: A Boat under Repair
Private Collection
Fishing Boats at Low Tide, near Dover
Courtauld Gallery, London
Dover: Two Boatmen Standing by the Prow of a Brig
Private Collection
Dover Harbour
Private Collection
A Fisherman's Cottage, Said to Be at Dover
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
The Hull of a Ship under Repair, with a Barge and Smaller Boats
Tate, London
A Boat-Builder’s Yard, Possibly on the River Medway
Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge
A Boat-Builder’s Yard, Possibly on the Medway
Private Collection
A Boat-Builder’s Yard, Possibly on the River Medway
Private Collection
A Boat-Builder's Shed, Possibly on the River Medway
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
A Boat-Builder’s Shed, Possibly on the River Medway, with a Fishing Boat with Drying Sails
Tate, London
The Coast, near Dover
The Higgins, Bedford
Folkestone Harbour
Julian Huxley-Parlour Fine Art, London
Beachy Head, Looking towards Newhaven
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Beachy Head, Looking towards Newhaven
Ulster Museum, Belfast
Shakespeare Cliff, Dover
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Beached Vessels in Dover Harbour, the Castle in the Distance
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
Buildings on a Wooden Quayside
Private Collection
A Coast View with Chalk Cliffs, Probably from near Beachy Head
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
A Small Boat under Repair by a Jetty
Private Collection
Dover: Snargate Street, Looking West
Private Collection
Dartford High Street
Private Collection
Tonbridge Bridge and Castle
Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge
Rye, from the River Tillingham
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Dover: Fishing Boats at Low Tide
Private Collection
Two Boatmen Caulking the Bows of a Beached Brig, Probably at Dover
Private Collection
Hastings: A Beached Fishing Boat
Private Collection
A Coastal Scene at Dover
Worthing Museum and Art Gallery
Mickleham Church
Tate, London
An Overshot Mill
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Dolbadarn Castle on Llyn Padarn
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown
Conwy Castle, from the East
Huddersfield Art Gallery
Harlech Castle, from the South
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
The Gatehouse, Harlech Castle, Seen from the Moat
Private Collection, Gloucestershire
The High Street at Egham
Private Collection
A Packhorse Bridge
Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence
Boats in Dover Harbour
Leeds Art Gallery
A Dismasted Boat in Dover Harbour
Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum
Two Trees Overlooking a Meandering River
Private Collection
A Dilapidated Cottage
Private Collection
Dover: Boats Anchored in the Harbour
Private Collection
A Coastal View near Dover, probably at St Margaret's, Cliffe
Private Collection
Dover: Beached Boats, with the Castle Beyond
Private Collection
Dover Harbour: The Stern of a Large Ship, and Smaller Vessels
Tate, London
The Town of Rye, Seen from the Marshes
British Museum, London
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About this Work
This highly detailed pen and ink drawing of Dartford High Street was copied by Girtin from an on-the-spot pencil sketch executed by one of his most important early patrons, the amateur John Henderson (1764–1843) (see the source image above). In turn, it was used as the basis for a watercolour that appears to have been produced for Henderson’s neighbour and close associate, Dr Thomas Monro (1759–1833) (TG0844). It is important to emphasise, however, that the copy was made quite independently from the Monro School subjects that Girtin made in collaboration with his contemporary Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851). This drawing was executed for Henderson himself, therefore, and it remained with the family until it was bequeathed to the British Museum in 1878 along with a significant group of other copies by Girtin that have the same dimensions, employ a similar firm pen outline over a slighter pencil sketch, and are all after the work of other artists. Copies such as Rome: The Temple of Saturn, Called The Temple of Concord (TG0893) and The Temple of Augustus at Pula (TG0896) provide the context for this view, rather than the dozens of Dover views that Girtin and Turner worked up from Henderson’s drawings at Monro’s house.
Working from the elaborate prints of professional artists, Girtin was content to copy their figures verbatim. However, whilst Henderson, perhaps with the aid of a camera obscura, was capable of producing an accurate and detailed study of the High Street, the amateur’s figures are particularly feeble and Girtin had no choice but to add his own complex and varied cast. Overlaying images of the two drawings illustrates just how closely Girtin followed his patron’s sketch, but this did not amount to tracing the original since the procedure of superimposing the works also illustrates how much the composition has been compressed; moreover, in addition to the invention of figures, numerous small details have been filled in, ranging from the tiles on the roofs to the precise fenestration. The result is that an on-the-spot sketch, inscribed and dated by Henderson ‘Dartford, July 26 / 94’, is transformed into a commodity more akin to a presentation drawing, and something that might easily be converted into a full-blown studio watercolour. The counter view, that this drawing was actually copied from the watercolour, can be tested by again overlaying images of the two works. This shows that although the watercolour (the larger work) has exactly the same staffage, the process of compression begun in the copy has intensified, so that in terms of the proportions of the three views, Henderson’s original and Girtin’s pen and ink study have more in common. All of this suggests that the watercolour was the last to be produced.
In terms of both the subject (a busy high street) and the composition (an oblique view taken from the pavement), the Dartford drawing has much in common with a Dover street scene that also appears to have been copied from a Henderson sketch, Dover: Snargate Street, Looking West (TG0842). It is also worth recalling that Girtin was probably engaged at this time in the first versions of his major London street scene St Paul’s Cathedral, from St Martin’s-le-Grand (TG1396), which repeats the composition of the curving, building-lined street shown here and includes a comparable set of figures in the road and on the pavements.
1795 - 1796
Dartford High Street
TG0844
1796 - 1797
Rome: The Temple of Saturn, Called the Temple of Concord
TG0893
1797 - 1798
The Temple of Augustus at Pula in Istria
TG0896
1795 - 1796
Dover: Snargate Street, Looking West
TG0842
1795 - 1796
St Paul’s Cathedral, from St Martin’s-le-Grand
TG1396